I am personally writing a romance story with heavy psychological influences (childhood abuse that caused anxiety and PTSD respectively) and it's definitely doable. The one thing you need to keep in mind is that even though it's a psychological romance, you shouldn't romanticise mental illnesses. They are messy, unwelcome, embarrassing, frustrating and even dangerous. They also don't excuse certain behaviours, even if they might shape or influence them.
I would also recommend using the DSM-V as a quick guide on symptoms that you can write into your characters, and how they would deal with these involuntary symptoms. Be careful not to 'fix' mental illness unrealistically quick though, it's often a lifelong struggle to cope, with lots of ups and downs.
You seem to have put a lot of thought into this though, and we need more stories who do mental illnesses right, so I'd say, definitely go for it. If it doesn't work, it's only a story, you can always retry or rewrite better next time ^^
And if you wish, here is my story