If you're not able to progress your story then you're just not planning thoroughly enough.
This is a really common problem for less experienced writers and I went through several years of it.
You need to have an idea of the "skeleton" for your story from start to finish.
I do this in lists personally but you can do it as a diagram if you want or whatever works best for your brain. I like lists because my brain works best that way. I make a list of major plot points, assigning a chapter to each one. Then I make a list of each important thing that happens in each chapter.
If you're struggling to find a good structure in your plot skeleton try doing some reading into the narrative theories of Propp, Todorov and others. Writing takes studying! Fiction takes a very specific skill set so it's not surprising that you'll have to study these scholars.
The most important thing is that you don't start publishing until you know how the story is going to end, and what the most important events will be up to that point. That way you will always know what you're writing and will never write yourself into a wall. If you need a map or route to walk somewhere then you need a plot outline to write a full length story.
Don't be afraid to start over, or to go in and revise large parts of your story if you need to. Never trust your first draft.