Recently I've seen the term subversion thrown around a lot, being used to describe comics such as One Punch man etc. And being used interchangeably for satires and parodies, as well as with plot twists.
With this post, I wish to clarify exactly what these terms are and how they are different from one another.
Plot Twist: A plot twist is a scene that re-contextualizes a plot point present throughout the story.
A plot twist could emphasize something you didn't notice throughout the story, or it can completely change something you were taking as standard.
Example, character motivations, location, even the genre of the story.
Though I do not recommend the last one very much as it is very difficult to do right and can lead to disastrous results. example: Lost.
Plot Subversion: a subversion is when the audience expects for the story to take one direction, but instead goes another. Unlike satire it takes this direction seriously.
The main difference between twist and subversion is a subversion does not necessarily have to re-contextualize the narrative, only redirect it.
Example: having two characters that seemed like they were going to have a romantic arc together, not have a romantic arc.
Parody: A parody is a twist in a formula, but used for comedic effect.
A parody is mostly not used much as a foundation for new directions in plot/character development, as a subversion is, but instead defines the overall tone the story will take.
All in all they essentially boil down to this:
Twist: a complete overhaul of the plot or character
Subversion: a change in the plot's or character's direction/development
Parody: Re-contextualizing a predictable story or even historical event for comedic effect
I hope this helps in your creative endeavours,
-Pablo, Author of INTERMINUTE