No one has the obligation to say it and you aren't punished for insulting it, (or at least teachers aren't allowed to punish you for it now) unlike North Korea where you're literally deported to gulags and forced to eat your peers to survive. The pledge also doesn't really bare any meaning towards children, it's a couple sentence long statement with a bunch of words they don't understand and then it's never mentioned ever again for the rest of the day. The US also doesn't have any sort of worship towards our leaders, The U.S. Government classes and even some regular US history classes teach us that our country has done wrong things and we'll continue to do so, that includes the acts of conscription, the atomic bomb, The massacre of Native Americans etc. That criticism carries over to our leaders and officials.
Really, you have a huge misconception of how things are over here, it's actually impressive. Comparing the US to North Korea is like comparing a decently made pie with some flaws to cow dung. If children spout "jingoistic" ideals it's usually by their parents as much as the child being religious is also a result of parenting. The pledge is just as much as kneeling and praying five times each day in Islam, or saying a blessing before a meal, except, y'know, more inconsequential. The US educational system is much more critical than you're giving it any credit for, my dude. Even in areas where I grew up, being South Texas and North Alabama, which are known for being stereotypically redneck by other Americans and Europeans alike.