I like that you mention kung fu because, heck yeah, who doesn't love kung fu? I also really dig wuxia film and fiction, just... Chinese cinema (especially when concerning Jiang Wen and Zhang Yimou) is amazing! Definitely agree with @nathankschulz there (although Donnie Yen's a Hong Kong actor, not from Mainland which I'm assuming is what we're talking about).
Now... historical, the "Three Years of Natural Disasters" (Mao Zedong), Tiananmen Square, The Three Kingdoms saga, sancia, inkwash painting, ART IN GENERAL (so much beautiful art from Chinese history), etc. etc.
For the people, it's mainly around how they perceive Confucian values (filial piety, ancestral lineage) and their ancient cultural practises in modern society. Very interesting!
Cities and important areas I immediately thing of -- Beijing, Guandong, Gaomi (thanks to Mo Yan), Hunan, Hubei, Luoyang/Chang'an (ancient).
I also think of goldfish! Sweet, adorable little goldfish~