Well, I'm not exactly popular. Like, at all. But I got a respectable 400 subscribers on my novel, which is pretty alright. So, before posting to this site, I really just wrote for fun, never expecting anything to come of it. I posted on Smashwords and Deviantart and had very little success there and I was fine with that. Ain't nobody got time to read these days, LOL.
My sisters suggested I try posting at Tapas since they had just opened up a novels section and I thought, "Eh, why not." I think within a week I got a staff-pick and like, 80 subs, and I was astonished! It was just a short story, but I threw up a couple of other short stories and one longer-form story, and they got one, too! Not huge gains by any means, but I was just shocked that anyone thought I was talented enough to be featured! After those first couple of features, I kinda stopped getting them (I think Tapas just had a change in focus of genres they wanted to feature), so I kind of hit a wall. I started going to the forum and posting there, and it created some buzz for my stories, but nothing too crazy. I also participated in the writer's camp which helped me gain some traction on my main story, Inheritance (it was featured in the writer's camp collection on the front page), but again, nothing huge. The story got a feature, too, which was the last one I have gotten to this date, LOL. After that, I hit another wall. I tried reading other people's stories, being active on the forum, doing free art for people, nothing really worked, and it was pretty frustrating. I started thinking that maybe the story was the problem, so I asked for critiques (opening a critique-for-critique thread), which were really, really, helpful in two ways. The first was that it helped me understand that the stuff I was writing probably just wasn't really appropriate for an online, webnovel format. A lot of the people gave it the critique that it was really slow, and webnovels are supposed to be really fast-paced. I realized that I didn't want to just change my style of writing to satisfy an online audience, and that the pace was good for a traditional-style novel, just not a webnovel, so I didn't just the pace, but I did take the other critiques into consideration. But the other thing opening this thread did was help the story trend. Like, right there, smack dab in the popular section of the front page, and it brought me a LOT of traction.
Not only that, but opening the thread got me a lot of long-time friends who consistently read my story. I opened a few more threads like that, and it had the same effect.
Long story short: The best way to gain a following--albeit small--is hard work. You have to read other people's work if you want them to read yours.