Code Geass has a very strong chess theme. That one immediately comes to mind.
Then of course there's one of the most famous examples, "Alice Through the Looking Glass", elements of which got folded into the Disney movie of Alice in Wonderland, but in the books, it's Through the Looking Glass (the sequel book) that has all the chess stuff like the red queen as the antagonist, and a lot more too, because the whole story is Alice trying to cross a chess board to become a queen.
There's a musical called Chess... I don't know how chess themed it is, I just remember my older sister and her drama kid friends being obsessed with it and singing the songs a lot when I was in school 